DAENDELS DAN PERKEMBANGAN ARSITEKTUR DI HINDIA BELANDA ABAD 19

Abstract

In periods of his governance, Governor General Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811) greatly influenced the city growth of Batavia (currently known as Jakarta) and Surabaya. He has also affected colonial architecture in Dutch East Indies during 19th century. His style of leadership that was arrogant and tough has been succeeded to reborn proud of Dutch nation as a colonist and also eliminate Javanese traditional architecture that was started to adopt by some Dutch ‘aristocrat’ at the end of 18th century for housing development. Daendels’ governance initiated new style of architecture which is known as ‘Indische Empire’. The style has been adopted from ‘Empire’ style of France and has made some adjustment with local climate and life style of Dutch East Indies The style has been used in Dutch East Indies during 19th century. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Dalam kurun waktu pemerintahannya selama kurang lebih 3,5 tahun, Gubernur Jendral Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811) ternyata berperan besar terhadap perkembangan kota di Batavia (sekarang Jakarta) dan Surabaya maupun arsitektur kolonial di Hindia Belanda sepanjang abad ke 19. Gaya pemerintahannya yang keras dan angkuh ternyata berhasil menghidupkan kembali keangkuhan Belanda sebagai kaum penjajah dan menjauhkan pengaruh arsitektur tradisional Jawa yang sudah mulai diadaptasi oleh kaum ’aristokrat’ Belanda pada akhir abad 18, untuk pembangunan perumahan. Kedatangan Daendels mengakibatkan timbulnya gaya arsitektur yang kemudian dikenal dengan sebutan ” Indische Empire”, berasal dari gaya Empire di Perancis yang disesuaikan dengan iklim dan gaya hidup di Hindia Belanda. Gaya ini berkembang di Hindia Belanda sepanjang abad ke 19. Kata kunci: Sejarah arsitektur Kolonial Belanda, Daendels, Indische Empire.