KEBIJAKAN POLITIK DAN EKONOMI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL BELANDA YANG BERPENGARUH PADA MORPOLOGI BENTUK DAN STRUKTUR BEBERAPA KOTA DI JAWA

Authors

  • Handinoto Handinoto Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Petra Christian University

:

https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.32.1.%25p

Keywords:

towns in Java, garrison city, central cities of production, distribution and trade, resort town.

Abstract

Political, economic and security situation after the end of War of Java (1825 - 1830) greatly influenced the morphology (shape and structure) of towns in Java. The overruling power, which grew stronger and stronger on the remote towns after the war, had caused the colonial government to appoint Bandung with a garrison in Cimahi as the 'garrison town' for the hinterland of West Java, Magelang for Central Java, and Malang for East Java. Economically, the political decision to run 'Cultuurstelsel' (Enforced Cultivation, 1830 - 1870), and the published 'Law of Land Ownership' (1870) had caused the occurrence of 'central cities of production, distribution and trade' in several regions in Java. Besides this, the increase of prosperity level due to economic development especially at the beginning of the 20th century has created resort towns in the mountainous areas in West Java, Central Java and East Java. Traces of the formation process of these towns are still visible up to now. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Situasi politik, ekonomi dan keamanan sesudah selesainya Perang Jawa (1825-1830) , berpengaruh sangat besar terhadap morpologi (bentuk dan struktur) kota-kota di P. Jawa. Cengkeraman kekuasaan yang makin kuat terhadap kota-kota pedalaman sesudah Perang Jawa mengakibatkan pemerintah kolonial menentukan kota Bandung dengan garnizun di Cimahi sebagai 'kota garnizun' untuk pedalaman Jawa Barat, Magelang untuk pedalaman Jawa Tengah dan Malang untuk pedalaman Jawa Timur. Sedangkan dalam bidang ekonomi keputusan politik untuk menjalankan sistim Tanam Paksa (Cultuurstelsel, th. 1830-1870), serta dikeluarkannya 'undang-undang agraria' (th.1870) mengakibatkan timbulnya 'kota sentra produksi, distribusi dan perdagangan' di berbagai tempat di Jawa. Sedangkan naiknya tingkat kemakmuran akibat kemajuan ekonomi terutama pada awal abad ke 20, mengakibatkan timbulnya 'kota peristirahatan' di daerah pegunungan di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah maupun Jawa Timur. Jejak-jejak terbentuknya kota-kota tersebut masih dapat kita lihat sampai sekarang. Kata kunci: kota di Jawa, kota garnizun, kota sentra produksi, distribusi dan perdagangan, kota peristirahatan.

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Published

2005-04-26

How to Cite

Handinoto, H. (2005). KEBIJAKAN POLITIK DAN EKONOMI PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL BELANDA YANG BERPENGARUH PADA MORPOLOGI BENTUK DAN STRUKTUR BEBERAPA KOTA DI JAWA. Dimensi: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.32.1.%p

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 1 (2004): JULY 2004

Section

Articles

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