Dimensi: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment

CONNECTIVITY MAPPING IN PUNCAK BOGOR AS THE RESULT OF URBAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

As a rapid growth sector, tourism must develop with low-emission approaches, efficient infrastructure, and improved connectivity to become more relevant. Analysis of tourist patterns in Puncak shows that most visitors arrive from Jakarta and stay for two days. Despite the availability of public transportation, private vehicles continue to be a strong means of transportation, demonstrating the need for improved infrastructure to reduce congestion. This study emphasizes the implications of accessibility and connectivity on transportation choices and the need for improved options to improve accessibility to reduce congestion. The result underlines the necessity of improving accessibility and connectivity along the Puncak-Cianjur National Road for sustainable tourism and congestion reduction. This study recommends interdisciplinary collaboration to address urban planning and transportation gaps

PERAN KESADARAN SEBAGAI MEDIASI PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS, LITERASI WAKAF DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP MINAT BERWAKAF TUNAI (Studi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Islam di Kota Malang)

Bella Ayu Rahmawati

Berdasarkan fakta masih rendahnya realisasi penghimpunan wakaf tunai sedangkan potensi yang ada sangatlah besar, maka hal tersebut mencerminkan masih rendahnya minat berwakaf tunai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti lebih lanjut terkait faktor-faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap minat berwakaf tunai. Fokus permasalahan yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai religiusitas (X1), literasi wakaf (X2) dan promosi (X3) pada mahasiswa kampus Islam Kota Malang terhadap minat berwakaf tunai (Y) sebagai variabel terikatnya melalui kesadaran (Z) sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner yang disebar kepada 100 responden dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Analisis dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa religiusitas dan literasi wakaf berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran, promosi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran mahasiswa berwakaf tunai, religiusitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berwakaf tunai, literasi wakaf dan promosi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap minat berwakaf tunai, dan kesadaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berwakaf tunai. Adapun secara tidak langsung, kesadaran mampu memediasi religiusitas dan literasi wakaf terhadap minat berwakaf tunai, sedang tidak mampu memediasi pengaruh promosi terhadap minat berwakaf tunai.

Despite the immense potential for cash waqf, its realization remains low, indicating a lack of interest in cash waqf. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing cash waqf interest among Islamic university students in Malang City. The research focuses on the relationship between religiosity (X1), waqf literacy (X2), promotion (X3), and cash waqf interest (Y) as the dependent variable, mediated by awareness (Z). Employing a quantitative research approach, data was collected from 100 respondents using simple random sampling and a questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that religiosity and waqf literacy significantly influence awareness, while promotion does not significantly impact students' cash waqf awareness. Religiosity significantly influences cash waqf interest, while waqf literacy and promotion do not. Awareness significantly influences cash waqf interest. Indirectly, awareness mediates the influence of religiosity and waqf literacy on cash waqf interest but not the influence of promotion.

Vernacular Architecture of Tobong and the Roof Tile Industry in Godean, Sleman-Yogyakarta

Muhammad Hafidhuddin, Kemas

Tobong, as the place for making and firing bricks and roof tiles, is the focus of this study. Tobong is a vernacular architecture built independently by the community, emphasizing the aspect of locality that integrates with nature. Although developing, the roof tile industry in Godean still faces challenges such as limited capital, human resources, production management, and market access. What is the role of Tobong as vernacular architecture in the roof tile industry in the Godean District, Sleman, and how does this vernacular architecture affect the roof tile production process? This study explores Tobong's role within the roof tile industry, shedding light on tradition, economics, and cultural preservation. Tobong, representative of vernacular architecture, serves as a cultural symbol, reflecting societal values. This research aims to deepen understanding of Tobong's significance and its impact on architectural practice and cultural identity. Tobong’s recognition and preservation contribute to vernacular architecture and cultural identity discussions.

Impact of Safety Training and Communication on Construction Project Productivity: Case Study of Cape Coast

ZAKARI MUSTAPHA

The construction industry is regarded as the major sector with the highest accident rate which adversely affects workers' efficiency and contributes to the low level of productivity. The study examined the impact of safety training and communication on construction project productivity in Cape Coast. Standard online questionnaires made up of a close-ended type were designed, using the ‘Microsoft forms’ platform. Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for the data analysis. Findings show that First Aid and CPR Training were provided as part of the safety training programmes. Risk Management Enhancement programme was made available for the reduction of workplace accidents and injuries. Lack of Resources and Hierarchical Barriers were the major challenges of safety training and communication programmes. Construction workers must be educated on safety practices and safety training for site operatives and safety officers must be enhanced. Contractors must be passionate about safety execution and high priority must be given to the effectiveness of the Occupational Safety and Health training workers should change behaviours and develop the right attitude in observing safety rules and regulations to enhance and increase performance and productivity.

The Reduce CO2 Emission Using Double Skin Facade In Smart & Green Learning Centre UGM Promoting Sustainable Building

Murwantoro Panghargiyo, Arif Kusumawanto

The Smart & Green Learning Center is a tower building that offers co-working spaces on both its east and west sides. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of a double skin façade on heat generation and CO2 gas emissions in co-working spaces. To achieve this, the IES Virtual Environment software simulation method was employed. The monthly average heat gain without the use of a double skin façade ranged from 19 to 21.9 MWh, while the same metric with a double skin façade was between 14.1 and 16.1 MWh. This resulted in a decrease of 4.9 MWh (25.79%) for the lowest monthly average heat gain and a decrease of 5.8 MWh (26.48%) for the highest. Moreover, the use of a double skin façade led to a reduction in CO2 gas emissions by 20.7% to 21.1% at the Smart & Green Learning Center.

INCLUSIVITY OF BATU CITY ALUN-ALUN AREA: A STUDY TO EXPLORE DIMENSIONS AND CRITERIA FOR CREATING INCLUSIVE PUBLIC SPACE

Izdihar Farah Hanun, Johannes Parlindungan Siregar, Christia Meidiana

Batu City is a tourist city in East Java, where one form of public space is the Batu City Alun-Alun Area. The vision and mission of Batu City as a tourist city also require the Batu City Alun-Alun Area to be an inclusive area. Meanwhile, Indonesia does not yet have specific requirements related to the provision of inclusive public spaces. The purpose of this research is to formulate the requirements for inclusive public spaces in Batu City consisting of dimensions and criteria explored through qualitative methods with coding analysis. Data collection was carried out using observation and in-depth interviews with 8 respondents with physical disabilities in Batu City with snowball sampling. Based on the analysis, it was found that inclusive public spaces are formed from three main dimensions, namely the physical dimension, social dimension, and environmental dimension. The three dimensions are unity and interconnected to form an inclusive public space.

From Physical Models To Innovations: Technology Advances In Architectural And Civil Engineering

Hassan Gbran

This study delves into the profound impact of physical prototypes on engineering design. It explores their historical and ongoing relevance in advancing architectural and civil engineering. The author emphasizes the critical role of measurement prototypes in pioneering engineering endeavors, highlighting their importance in validating innovative designs and ensuring operational integrity and safety. Through illustrative examples from structural engineering and architectural acoustics, the study underscores the enduring significance of physical models in engineering innovation. It provides valuable insights into the symbiotic relationship between physical prototypes and engineering theory, shedding light on their multifaceted role in propelling engineering advancements. Ultimately, the analysis offers a nuanced understanding of the integral contribution of physical prototypes to the advancement of the engineering discipline.

Ah Strategies for using sustainable urban drainage systems in the architectural design of civil infrastructure projects in Jakarta

Hasan Gbran

The current research is mainly targeting the major challenge of climate change and flood risk in Indonesia (Jakarta) through investigations on suitable methods of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). Through climate scenarios and flood risk assessments, as well as SUDS efficiency appraisals, this study aims at helping stakeholders gain insight on innovative water management strategies. The combination of hydrological models, GIS analysis, and stakeholders’ engagement is the research approach that will enable the exploration of Jakarta's vulnerability to extreme weather events and introduce mitigation techniques in the form of SUDS. This study aims to address climate change’s impact on flood risk and develop sustainable design solutions so that the infrastructure in Jakarta can be resilient to flooding. The findings of this research are to provide a basis for decisions, plans, and policies towards green water management regulations and a more water-resilient urban built environment.

Humanistic-Anthropocosmic Paradigm for Transformation of Slum Settlements in Urban Areas

Yohanes Djarot Purbadi, Reginaldo Christophori Lake

The purpose of this paper is to explain the idea of transforming slum settlements in urban areas in Indonesia in the era of climate change and within the context of multidimensional life. The paper discusses the ideas of Father Mangunwijaya and the inspiration from the Laudato Si encyclical, which are combined as the basis for promoting the transformation of slum settlements. The methods used in this article include literature review and empirical studies on slum settlements in several cities in Indonesia. The results show that the Humanistic-Anthropocosmic paradigm, a combination of Father Mangunwijaya's ideas and inspiration from the Laudato Si encyclical, has the potential to guide the transformation of slum settlements into sustainable and environmentally friendly ones by considering social, economic, and environmental aspects. This paper contributes to the development of a paradigm for transforming slum settlements rooted in humanistic architecture, education for liberation, ecological spirituality, integral ecology, and anthropocosmism.

Front Matter (Cover, Editorial, Table of Content)

Dimensi Journal of Architecture and Built Environment — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Relationship Between Spatial Structure Development of City of Padang and the Economic Development of West Sumatera

Wulansari Puspita, Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono

Many scholars argue that cities never grow up of themselves but together with its Surrounding countryside’s, function and role as services as well as growth centre for its wider surrounding region. Beside arranged in a hierarchical system of cities in a wider landscape region, the organization of city’s function is reflected in the internal spatial structure from each city/urban. This research is aimed to further investigate and to test how city’s spatial organization correlate to the development of city as well as wider region. The research takes the development of internal spatial structure of the city of Padang within the period development of 1980 to 2019 as a case to be correlated with GDRP and population growth of City of Padang and of its hinterland -West Sumatera Province- as a case. The result of statistical analysis (correlation, descriptive, and regression) shows strong positive correlation between the urban’s internal spatial structure development with city development as well as with wider regional development. The total number of various city’s facilities, the number of aggregation nodes, as well the total area of aggregation grows alongside with the growth of GDRP as well as population both of City of Padang and of West Sumatera. The growth regional Service Center (RSC), Sub Regional Services Center (SRSR) and Neighbourhood Service Center (NSC) are determined by either economic and population growth of city and economic and population growth of its hinterland which is West Sumatera Province.

A Analysis Tropical Architectural Design Of Thomas Karsten's Building (Case Study: Volkstheater Sobokartti)

Maria Maharani

Responsive building for tropical climate is urgent, this is to achieve building comfort and energy saving. Therefore, it is appropriate for every building in Indonesia to apply tropical architectural design principles. One of the legend architects who always took advantage of the potential of the tropical climate was Thomas Karsten. This research discusses the application of tropical architectural design by Thomas Karsten with Volkstheater Sobokartti Semarang building as a object study. This study used qualitative descriptive analysis method. The collected data was then analyzed using tropical architectural design theory by "Tropical Buildings" lippsmeire. The results showed that Sobokartti building has applied all tropical architectural principles, ranging from orientation, cross ventilation, sun protection and vegetation. With the application of tropical design, Volkstheater Sobokartti able to exist for more than a century and comfortable to be used for activities as a place for cultural arts performances

Tectonics of Tanean Lanjhang Architecture

The research was conducted due to an interest in the evolving vernacular architecture that adapts to the changing needs of its inhabitants. Different regions within a province or in proximity to each other can exhibit varying spatial arrangement patterns. The differing cultures and needs of the inhabitants of those areas influence these varying spatial arrangement patterns. The expansion of vernacular houses forms a unique tectonic structure. This research identifies and classifies the evolving spatial arrangement patterns in Tanean Lanjhang and Osing vernacular houses. The second objective is to understand the uniqueness of the tectonic structure through the connections of elements in the expanded space. Both houses are examples of vernacular architecture referred to as growing houses. The parameter used for the growing house is horizontal growth. However, the difference in the growth of these two houses lies in the direction of the expansion of their space. The research method employed is qualitative, involving direct observations of the Tanean Lanjhang House and literature studies on the Osing House. The results of this research include the classification of various spatial arrangement patterns in Tanean Lanjhang and Osing houses, and an understanding of the uniqueness of the tectonic structure through the connections of elements in the expanded space.

PERFORMANCE OF BAMBOO TRUSS WITH CURVED MODEL

Ni'mal Abdu Prihatmaji, Yulianto P. Prihatmaji, Abdul R. Maghzaya

This research focuses on optimising bamboo trusses by utilising materials with high tensile strength and flexibility. Specifically, the study explores the use of split bamboo as a key component in the construction of curved systems within bamboo trusses. The truss, which spans 4 metres and is 2 metres high, consists of a base, truss legs and bracing elements. Whole bamboo is used at the base and underneath the truss, while the bracing section uses a stack of bent split bamboo. To assess the strength of the curved system, experiments were carried out using a hydraulic compression machine. The experimental results show that the truss incorporating this curved system can effectively withstand vertical loads, reaching a maximum load of 4.74 kN before suffering any damage. Throughout the test, the truss experienced a drop of 4.4 cm and a lateral displacement of 5 cm. The damage observed occurred primarily in the lower part of the truss due to splitting, as this section is integral to the entire arch system and acts as the tension rod with the highest load-bearing capacity.

enhancing UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY IN THE DESIGN OF PUBLIC POST PRIMARY SCHOOLS:

Gwaza mtaver

Abstract:

This research investigates the universal accessibility of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria, with a specific focus on understanding and improving physical infrastructure to accommodate diverse needs. Recognizing the fundamental right to education for all, including individuals with disabilities, the study utilizes a case study approach to assess the current state of secondary school buildings in the selected region. Employing a qualitative research approach, specifically an observational study employing an observation checklist as a data collection tool, the research aims to identify barriers and challenges that to universal accessibility. Key areas of examination include the adequacy of infrastructure, the presence of inclusive design features, and overall compliance with accessibility standards. The research contributes valuable insights to the existing knowledge on inclusive education in Nigeria, shedding light on the current status of secondary school buildings in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. The findings shows that most of the public secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi were not designed with consideration for inclusiveness. The findings also includes recommendations for policy enhancements, architectural interventions, and awareness campaigns to create a more inclusive and accessible educational environment. By advocating for universally accessible secondary school buildings, the research aims to address the diverse needs of students, fostering an equitable and empowering educational experience for all. Overall, this research bridges gaps in understanding the accessibility landscape of secondary schools in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. It not only identifies existing challenges but also proposes actionable recommendations for policymakers, architects, educators and other actor in the built environment to collaboratively work towards a more inclusive educational infrastructure in Nigeria.

Seismic Performance of Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures due to Vertical and Horizontal Irregularities

The irregularities in structures affect their seismic performance, particularly in earthquake-prone areas, such as Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of multi-story reinforced concrete frame structures with vertical and horizontal irregularities. The building has total of 12 floors and features two different plan and vertical irregularities, namely the L and H buildings. Each horizontal irregularity has five variations of vertical irregularity. The frame structure is analyzed using STERA 3D software for non-linear dynamic time-history analysis. El-Centro, Kobe, and Parkfield earthquake time history data were used in this study. The seismic behavior investigated in this study consisted of base shear force, lateral deformation, stiffness, displacement, drift ratio, maximum acceleration, and capacity curve. Numerical simulation results indicate that each model performs differently when subjected to the same seismic load and material properties. It can be concluded that vertical irregularity significantly affects the seismic performance of high-rise reinforced concrete structures.

Architecture Assessment of Bali Psychiatric Hospital Inpatient Ward: A Salutogenic Approach

Made Arya Adiartha, Komang Deddy Endra Prasandya, Pande Putu Dwi Novigga Artha

This research addresses the critical task of evaluating and improving post-COVID-19 psychiatric hospital design, focusing on Bali Mental Hospital's inpatient ward. Applying Salutogenic Architecture principles, the study employs a mixed-methods approach to assess the ward's design based on Sense of Coherence components: Manageability, Comprehensibility and Meaningfulness. Despite Bali's high mental health cases, the study reveals significant deficiencies in the Manageability aspect, requiring urgent attention to nurse stations, patient monitoring, and accessibility. While Comprehensibility fares better, adjustments to address layout uncertainties are needed. Meaningfulness, though commendable, suggests opportunities for enhancement. Comparative analysis emphasizes the importance of refined design guidelines. Overall, the findings stress the immediate need for aligning the inpatient ward with Salutogenic principles, providing valuable recommendations for future mental health facility improvements.

The Effect of Internal Environmental Factors of Medical Centers on Patients’ Health: A Literature Review

Farnaz Siamian, Faezeh Ghaffari, Maryam Shabak

In this study, we sought to determine which environmental factors in hospitals are effective in improving patient experience and expected outcomes. This study was conducted using the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) research methodology and investigated multiple environmental factors including flooring materials, medical equipment design, room layout, unit design, mood, environment, music, and lighting. . The results suggest that environmental factors have a significant impact on patient health outcomes, with some studies showing strong evidence and others without formal research programmes. Environmental factors such as light, noise, and indoor air quality are found to affect patient health outcomes. Finally, this study highlights the importance of considering the environment when designing hospitals as it affects patient outcomes. Medical professionals and designers can use these findings to improve hospital infrastructure and improve the patient experience.

ANALYSIS OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT IN KAMPUNG KOTA

reinaldi primanizar, Suhendri, Dibya Kusyala

An urban kampung accommodates various types of house form in high density settlement. All of the houses are characterized by small building coverage, dense massing arrangement, and organic development. As one of urban kampung in Bandung, Tamansari, represent characteristics of Bandung urban kampung. Some studies have been conducted about Tamansari. Its high density presumably can create a good ambience in its outdoor space. By focusing on outdoor thermal comfort, this study aims to understand how the Urban Kampung organic development influences outdoor thermal comfort in the area. The study is conducted by computer simulation using envi-met 4 softwares. In order to get deeper understanding the effect of physical development around urban kampung to outdoor thermal comfort, representative outdoor space is modelled. This study conclude that principal variable: building arrangement, material surface, and vegetation are identified as key attributes.The findings of this study can assist planner or designer in designing a dense area with good outdoor thermal comfort.

The Thermal Environment of Ompo Lake Tourist Area in Soppeng Regency

Nurhasanah 7272

Thermal comfort is a necessity for activity actors, one of which is in open space which is a place to accommodate various activities and social interactions, creating a comfortable situation in terms of thermal which is one of the things for creating activities in public open spaces. Thermal comfort is always associated with climatic situations, so the purpose of this study is to determine thermal comfort in one of the open spaces in Soppeng Regency by measuring temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and radiation at each measuring point being determined by time and place. This study is descriptive to explain the characteristics of the object based on the findings obtained for 30 days when the sky is clear. From the measurement results that have been statistically analyzed, it is known that there are factors that influence the high and low values of temperature, humidity, and radiation at each measuring point. Also based on the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) analysis, it is known that there are differences in the level of comfort in the two measurement times, namely overall in the morning 07.00 - 08:30 CIT (UTC+8), the ten measuring points are included in the comfortable category and the afternoon 15:30 - 17:00 CIT (UTC+8) in the comfortable category on points that have vegetation and are uncomfortable at points that do not have vegetation.

COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AGAINST LANDSLIDE HAZARD POTENTIAL IN TANAH DATAR REGENCY, INDONESIA

Eggy Arya Giofandi, Brigitta Audrynne Rombe Bunga, Baba Barus, Wahyu Iskandar

Many disasters have occurred in the hilly and mountainous areas along active faults in the western part of Sumatra Island, influenced by tectonic, volcanic, and anthropogenic activities that indirectly impact community life. The first step in understanding the impact of natural hazards, such as landslides, is to assess community vulnerability. This study aimed to assess community vulnerability factors in an integrated manner using the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach to parameters such as population density, age <14 years, age >44 years, number of women, number of health facilities, and number of education facilities. Vulnerability assessment, with a scientific evidence approach, provides better information for visualizing vulnerability, and can be used in disaster risk reduction, enhancing community adaptive capacity, and strengthening governance. Moreover, maximizing capacity for preparedness, community response, recovery, and adaptive building reconstruction can be achieved through sustainable spatial planning management.

Exploration of Homeowners' Perception Towards Green Homes Features

Green homes concept implementation is one of strategies to increase energy and water efficiency in residential buildings. Currently, the concept of green homes has been adopted by the public and promoted by the government because of its benefits. Utilization of green home features is known to benefit the environment and occupants. However, as the number of green home users increases, the adoption acceleration of green home features has barriers. Homeowners' perceptions of green home features determine homeowners' attitudes toward utilizing these features. This research aims to identify the hindering factors of green home feature adoption by exploring homeowners’ perceptions. The green home features such as smart lighting and sensor, energy-efficient labeled appliance, photovoltaic panel, water meters, dual-flush toilet, and rainwater harvesting are reviewed. Data was gathered using an online open questionnaire and analyzed using grounded theory method. Result shows green homes features’ adoption barriers consist of technical aspects, product availability, economics, knowledge, regulation, and motivation.

Keywords: Energy conservation, green building, green homes, perception, water conservation

Explaining The Evolution of The Geometric System of The House in Qajar and Pahlavi Period in Iran

gradual changes in architectural style of residential buildings in the two historical periods (Gajar, first Pahlavi), from the impact of architecture and architecture of European and western countries in the second period of Gajar and transformation of facade buildings and the structure of spatial arrangement, style, and period of introversion to extraversion have led to changes in space and spatial function such as removing some intermediate functions. In this article, we will try to explain the process of study by library method and inductive research method on the analysis of the role of elements and cultural and Islamic values of residential buildings’ architecture on the evolution of its geometrical system during Gajar dynasty period. the results show that the shape pattern (mass - space) from one side mode in the middle of Gajar period to the central state in the late Gajar period is the majority and until the end of the first Pahlavi period, the central symmetry of the central courtyard has become less important and the central symmetry of the area is more important than the axis in both periods. Also in the first Pahlavi era, cross center has been important and the pattern of the plan in the Gajar period is rectangle and in the first Pahlavi period is square, and the rectangle has equal terms.

H-G “FROM PHYSICAL MODELS TO INNOVATIONS: TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES IN ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING”

Hassan Gbran

In this article, the author presents fresh insights and reexamines the use of physical models in the design processes undertaken by architectural and civil engineers. These models, which have evolved over the past three centuries, encompass mechanical, form-finding, and measurement models. The author emphasizes the significance of measurement models, particularly in innovative engineering projects that surpass existing knowledge or lack precedents. In such instances, engineers rely on additional evidence, beyond their own experience and current scientific knowledge, to ensure that their innovative designs will function as intended, be safe, and inspire enough confidence to commence construction. The author contends that physical models have been and continue to be crucial in engineering innovation, contributing equally to engineering theory in advancing the field. The article draws examples from the history of structural engineering, focusing on reinforced concrete and grid shells, as well as architectural acoustics.

a WALKABILITY STUDY IN KAUMAN AND SURROUNDING

This research aims to assess walkability using the Global Walkability Index (GWI) to find out the score and how friendly the Kauman tourist area is for pedestrians. The comfort of tourists in Kauman Village is the main goal of tourism activities. One of the parameters that influence the comfort of traveling is the ease of mobility by walking from one object to another. To increase tourist comfort, a sustainable tourism development model based on walkability is needed. To find out this, this research will begin by identifying the walkability conditions on the roads most frequently used by pedestrians, and then analyzing the walkability score in the area based on the Global Walkability Index (GWI). Furthermore, validation of the GWI result will be continued by using Urban Modelling Interface Simulation for Walkability, and the simulation score can reach the goal of walkability.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN JAKARTA (MEGA KUNINGAN, SUDIRMAN AND THAMRIN AREA)

harry kurniawan

High-rise buildings are becoming a necessity that is becoming more relevant day by day to answer urban needs and limited land in big cities. These high-rise buildings have a lot of potential for the city, such as determining the image and skyline of the city to the building envelope to influence observers' perceptions of the architectural character of high-rise buildings, to reduce energy use and even to produce energy. This study provides initial data on the architectural characteristics of tall buildings. Seventy-Seven (77) tall buildings as objects of observation were selected from three areas of the Central Business District (CBD) of Jakarta City, namely the Mega Kuningan area, the Sudirman Central Business District (SCBD) area and the Thamrin area. The analysis method uses figure-ground analysis followed by typology analysis based on the building mass that has been previously mapped. The three characteristics of the shape of the building mass objects that are most common in the city of Jakarta are high-rise office buildings, namely squares with a ratio of 1:1, rectangles with a ratio of 1:1.5, and rectangles with a ratio of 1:2.

PERCEPTIONS OF VIRTUAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS VARY DEPENDING ON THEIR BACKGROUND COLOUR

Yulyta Kodrat Prasetyaningsih

Virtual exhibitions in visual art education are one of the media for academicians, students, and artists to share their creativity through virtual exhibitions. The issue in delivering a virtual presentation, whether in two-dimensional artworks exhibited online, is that it will give the same impression of visual acuity and spatial appearance as compared to the physical exhibition. This study aims to share the result proving that the background colour and lighting impress the observer via virtual. The test method uses visual simulations in the form of virtual exhibitions created with the Dialux Evo software application. The light simulation considers exhibition lighting standards such as bright solid light, lamp type, lamp layout, brightness, background colour, and two-dimensional objects in the form of original paintings. The visual simulation test involved 52 participants who responded with four categories of colours: red, blue, black, and white background colours with the same illumination level. Lighting systems use overhead and peripherals whose distribution produces light horizontally and vertically. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis and Anova based on the variables tested. The results of this study show that the background colour significantly affects the impression of visual acuity. Chromatic blue backgrounds make two-dimensional objects more vivid than red, while black achromatic colours are more vivid than white. The difference in background colour does not affect the impression of depth of field at the same lighting level, but black is more influential than white, blue, and red. So, to give a spatial impression, there needs to be a difference in the lighting level and colour saturation.

Keywords: Visual Impression, Virtual, Colour, Lighting

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF JOGLO HOUSE IN SEISMIC ZONE: CARBON FOOTPRINT CONTEXT

Gabriela Emilly, Ima Defiana

Modern construction materials are often characterized by high energy consumption and a substantial carbon footprint, in stark contrast to the eco-friendly nature of vernacular architecture. This paper presents a case study of the Joglo Pati house, located in the seismically active Ring of Fire zone, an area where three major tectonic plates converge: the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Pacific Plate, posing a significant earthquake risk. This study explores the potential of materials used in the Joglo house, emphasizing their environmental attributes in comparison to contemporary building materials. Utilizing qualitative research methodologies, including surveys, field observations, and in-depth interviews, this research delineates the carbon footprint of materials employed in the Joglo house. The findings indicate that wood, the primary material in Joglo construction, has a considerably lower carbon and energy footprint, primarily due to its reusability and ease of maintenance, such as painting, which enhances its durability. This research highlights the environmental advantages of traditional materials and underscores the importance of sustainable choices in modern architectural practices, offering insights into eco-friendly construction methods that align with global sustainability efforts.

Visual Attention in Biophilic Design: A Systematic Literature Review

Etika Vidyarini, Mutiara Ayu Larasati; Miranti Sari Rahma; Andriyanto Wibisono

The calming effect of observing indoor greenery is well known, as evidenced by both subjective responses and physiological measurements. In addition to the non-visual impacts of biophilic design, it is also acclaimed as an appealing interior element, drawing occupants' attention predominantly to the biophilic elements. This review aims to clarify research protocols and outline the trends of eye-gazing studies in biophilic design. The reviewed article shows that total fixation duration is a commonly used eye-tracking metric in biophilic studies. The addition of biophilic made a total fixation duration (TFD) in the biophilic elements. It is influenced by the presence of indoor greenery and gender, with female participants exhibiting a higher TFD than males. In addition, factors of residency in a particular area can be factors that influence interest and visual attention to biophilic elements. This review indicates the promising method of eye tracking as pre-occupancy or post-occupancy of biophilic design.

DEMOCRATIZING ARCHITECTURE: A PATH TO INCLUSIVITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS

Dian Nafi

This paper explores the transformative concept of democratizing architecture, which seeks to realign the field with democratic values and societal needs. In a rapidly evolving world, the architectural profession faces a crisis of legitimacy, often perceived as detached from the broader public. This study delves into the fundamental question of how democratizing architecture can break down traditional barriers and foster inclusivity and social responsibility within the profession. Qualitative methods, including a comprehensive literature review and in-depth analysis of key discussions, are employed to examine the implications of democratizing architecture. These implications encompass the promotion of inclusive spaces, the integration of technology and digital manufacturing, the empowerment of architects and engineers, the incorporation of data-driven control architectures, and the reform of architectural education. The findings highlight the potential for democratizing architecture to revitalize the profession by making it more responsive, relevant, and accountable to society. By embracing inclusivity, sustainability, and social responsibility, architects and communities can collaboratively shape a more equitable, dynamic, and culturally rich built environment that aligns with democratic values and aspirations. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the transformation of architecture in the modern era, emphasizing its role in fostering a just, sustainable, and democratic society.

Exploring Settlement Quality at Railway Infrastructure Buffer Area Through Mass Media Exposure

Tasya Fatihah, Allis Nurdini

Informal settlements dominate urban areas in Indonesia, especially in marginalized or buffer area like railway tracks. This research aims to identify and understand the quality issues of settlements at the railway tracks buffer area, analyze the factors that are frequently common problems and draw public attention, and formulate priorities for further related research. The data collection was used through purposive sampling of mass media text data, specifically 50 online-accessible news articles for the period 2017-2023. The manifest content analysis was conducted to analyze the text content in document or written communication which is focused on clear and visible text data. The research results indicate that the main housing quality issues from media exposure include opportunity for occupant, vulnerability, legality, safety, and ownership. The concept of opportunity for occupan tends to have a neutral tone as there are moderate solutions available while terms such as vulnerability, legality, safety, and ownership lean towards a negative contents. The discussions on ownership and legality share a common association concerning the critical aspect of housing tenure status. Additionally, the discussions on vulnerability and safety are linked by a similar association regarding the physical quality issues of informal housing.

Keywords: settlement quality; buffer area; media exposure; manifest content analysis

ETHNOMATHEMATICS: STUDY OF GEOMETRY CONCEPT IN UMAH EDET REJE BALUNTARA’S ORNAMENT

MIftahul Jannah

Umah edet reje baluntara is one of the traditional architectures of the Gayo tribe. The ornaments on the umah edet reje baluntara are a work of Gayo art that must be preserved as well. The process of making ornaments on umah edet reje baluntara is done by using simple mathematical techniques. To identify the shape of the ornament on the umah edet reje baluntara, the concept of geometry in mathematics can be used as a basic identification tool. The relationship between mathematics and traditional architecture falls under the term ethnomathematics. The purpose of this research is to explore the concept of geometry in the ornamentation of umah edet reje baluntara. The results of the study will reveal the geometry in the ornament includes basic geometry and fractal geometry.

ADAPTATION STRATEGY THROUGH A NARRATIVE APPROACH AT THE BATIK KERIS PALACE IN SURAKARTA

Agus Dody Purnomo

This paper reflects on the adaptability of heritage buildings in Surakarta city, Central Java, Indonesia. A heritage building that has been abandoned for a long time and is now functioning again as a commercial building and batik gallery. The adaptation strategy applies a narrative approach to the interior of this building. The research method uses qualitative research was conducted using a descriptive approach. Sie Djian Ho owned this house in 1945, then the building changed ownership. The building has been empty and abandoned for 50 years. Previously, the building was called 'Omah Lowo' because it was used as a nest for thousands of bats. After being revitalized, it was changed to the Batik Keris Palace and functioned as a museum and batik gallery, craft retail, restaurant and café. The adaptation strategy using a narrative approach was implemented in the interior. The strategy aims to create a home atmosphere and commemorate Sie Djian Ho, the ancestor of the owner of the Batik Keris. Currently, Batik Keris Palace is also a tourist destination in Surakarta. Adaptation strategies are important for the resilience and sustainability of heritage buildings in urban.

DEVELOP COMMUNITY AWARENESS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Dinar Ari Wijayanti

Jakarta is a city in Indonesia that has a long history. Due to its long history and various periods, each of which has different characteristics, Jakarta has a variety of cultural heritage buildings. The various cultural and political dynamics in this period certainly have a role in enriching Jakarta, as well as being one of the tools for forming the city of Jakarta. The dynamics of history and culture in Jakarta is proven by the presence of many cultural heritage buildings and buildings that are objects allegedly cultural heritage. Apart from historical value, important values that can be learned from these buildings are style, construction techniques and interaction with the surrounding environment or even with the city. However, it is often found that people are reluctant to take part in preserving cultural heritage buildings and objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings. This is due to the general public's view that having a cultural heritage buildings or objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings is detrimental, it cannot be changed according to the user's wishes because it is bound by state law. Preserving cultural heritage buildings and objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings is considered by the general public to have significant economic losses, namely because the use of specific materials according to the condition of the existing building can result in the repair value being far above that of contemporary buildings in general. Meanwhile, people are taking the position of letting their cultural heritage buildings and objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings collapse by themselves rather than preserving them, because repairs are expensive and their use is not necessarily profitable compared to the repair costs. If the general public understands the important values that are the background to why preservation is really necessary because it really has a positive impact on community development, then the public's understanding of the important values of cultural heritage buildings and objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings can be a counterweight to economic anxiety regarding preservation, it can even encourage people to be more creative in responding to the preservation of tools, which ultimately has a positive impact on society, including in terms of sustainable economic development. The case study in this architectural research uses the subject of Catholic church buildings in Jakarta. The reason for choosing this subject is that in Jakarta there are several Catholic churches with cultural heritage building status and those in the heritage area. If the method of searching for important architectural values can be better known by Catholics and the community where a church building, whether cultural heritage buildings and objects allegedly cultural heritage buildings is located, then preservation efforts can be recognized by the people as a tool for sustainable development, and of course become authentic historical evidence that can be learned by current and future generations.

Keywords: public awareness, cultural heritage buildings, history, preservation, significance of cultural heritage subjects.

Housing Attribute Preferences in Indonesia: A Comparison Between Generation X, Y, Z

Ilma Nurfadlilawati

Each generation experiences different social, economic, cultural, and technological contexts unique to their respective times. They also have different lifestyles, leading to distinct housing preferences. This study analyzes five housing attribute preferences of Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z: Housing type and economic attribute, location and accessibility attribute, physical attribute, environment attribute, and social attribute. The research uses a stated preference approach. The study uses a mixed method and a stated preference approach while collecting data by online questionnaire. Three analytical techniques are employed in this research: correspondence analysis to identify differences in dwelling type preferences among generations, PCA and FA to identify the underlying housing attribute dimensions influencing housing preferences, and ANOVA to analyze housing attribute dimensions with significant differences among generations. The analysis result reveals that each generation tends to prefer Landed Housing. The housing attribute dimensions that are the main priority among generations are Utilities, Infrastructure, and Environmental Quality. Meanwhile, significant differences in housing preferences between Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z are found in the space comfort and social interaction dimensions.

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PENERAPAN EXPOSE CEILLING PADA COFFEESHOP BERNUANSA INDUSTRIAL DI BEKASI

HILDA SETIAWAN

Coffeeshop adalah tempat yang menyediakan berbagai jenis kopi dan minuman lainnya dalam suasana santai, tempat yang nyaman, dan dilengkapi dengan adanya alunan musik. Coffeeshop menjadi tempat yang paling banyak di kunjungi di era sekarang untuk semua kalangan. Banyak desain coffeeshop dengan berbagai macam gaya interior salah satunya adalah Saat Seduh coffee yang berada di Bekasi. Coffeeshop tersebut menggunakan gaya industrial dengan expose ceilling. Gaya arsitektur dan interior industrial mengedepankan sebuah konsep yang minimalis dengan desain belum selesai atau unfinished. Expose ceilling adalah ceilling tanpa penutup. Penggunaan expose ceilling dapat menjadikan skema perputaran udara di dalam ruangan bekerja dengan baik. Pada tulisan ini, penulis akan menjelaskan pengertian dan kegunaan expose ceilling, penulis juga akan menjelaskan dampak yang dirasakan pengunjung saat dating ke coffeeshop tersebut. Dalam penulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan survey lokasi dan melakukan observasi. Coffee ini memanfaatkan bangunan bekas pabrik dengan tidak merubah eksterior. Penggunaan ceilling tidak berubah karena menggunakan expose ceiling pada bangunan pabrik sebelumnya yang sangat tinggi membuat udara di dalam ruangan coffeeshop berputar dengan baik, menjadikan ruangan terlihat lebih luas sehingga sangat cocok sebagai public space yang dapat digunakan untuk tempat bekerja (work from coffee).

Kata Kunci: Coffeeshop, Industrial, Expose ceilling

CLIMATE VILLAGE RESEARCH MAPPING USING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Ana Hardiana, Sri Yuliani

The climate village program is one of the national programs to increase community participation in climate change adaptation. This program is held to prepare communities that are swiftly responsive to current climate change. This study offers a knowledge map of the Climate Village Program drawing from a literature review from 2000 to 2022, which provides an overview of bibliometric analysis approaches, including analysis of time, journals, citations, countries, and institutions. Literature surveys show the direction of research contribution rates has been on an upward trend in recent years. Journal analysis shows that works on climate village programs have not been widely conducted. Hence, a potential for wider opportunities for researchers. The Climate Village program offers several benefits in tackling climate change and promoting sustainable development. This study suggests collaboration supported by various studies and research.

Measuring the performance of child-friendly public spaces according to the child's perception

Ernady Syaodih

This study aims to investigate children's perceptions and expectations of child-friendly public spaces, in two public spaces in Bandung City. A questionnaire survey and interview were carried out from 100 children, ages between 8-14 years. Questions revolved around children's perceptions of the performance of public spaces. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical importance-performance analysis (IPA). The results are spread over four quadrants. Quadrant A (High Importance Low Performance) is playground equipment. Quadrant B (High Importance High Performance) location and space, safe spaces, entrance, pathway lane, lighting and toilet facilities. Quadrant C (Low Importance High Performance) are signage, plant and trees. Quadrant D (Low Importance Low Performance) are seating, sand playgrounds, water playgrounds, barriers and fences. Through an importance-performance analysis, we conclude that the performance in two public spaces in Bandung City, that are not in line with children's expectations is playground equipment. This study implies that efforts are needed to involve children's perceptions in planning the development of public spaces in the city.

Simulation Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Bamboo Facades on the Daylight Aspects of a Room

Putra Rafif Nugroho

Bamboo is one of the materials that has been considered a sustainable material. Bamboo is often chosen as a building material due to its aesthetic aspects and effectiveness in supporting the performance of a building. Recently, the use of building facades made of bamboo has been widely chosen as an option to be implemented in a building design. We are trying to prove this by using 2x2 meter bamboo panels which will be implemented in a room as walls and find out about their effectiveness in handling the daylight comfort. The simulation method in this research uses a 3D modeling application which will later be simulated further using supporting applications in finding out the level of daylight quantities in a room.

Woven Bamboo Facade Performance on Maximizing Thermal Comfort

Charisa Pradiptajati

Woven is one of the most common ways to use bamboo, one of which is to make a building façade. This study delves into sustainable architecture and visual comfort enhancement by comprehensively analyzing woven bamboo facade performance in controlling visual comfort. The research uses quantitative methods by collecting data through simulations. The study analyzes the influence of the bamboo woven façade by doing a comparative study of the building's lighting condition with and without the bamboo façade, by assessing an existing Sebelas Coffee Crafter building. The findings of this study focus on the ability of bamboo weaves to regulate indoor visual comfort and analyze the ability to manage heat transfer and insulation properties. Through comprehensive analysis, including design considerations, construction insights, and simulation outcomes, the research demonstrates the potential of bamboo facades to significantly improve indoor visual comfort quality, making them a valuable asset in sustainable architectural practices.

Thermal and Daylight Effectivity Using Sarigsig Bamboo Panels As Secondary Skin

Assyifa Ayeshia, Yulianto Purwono Prihatmaji

Bamboo has served as a fundamental building material in Indonesian vernacular architecture for many years, frequently transformed into woven panels. These woven panels come in various types and employ different techniques, each possessing unique functions and characteristics. In an era where sustainable design concerns are paramount, bamboo has emerged as a versatile solution. This research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of a bamboo wall panel crafted using the Sarigsig Woven Technique in improving a building’s performance. A simulation using Velux Daylight Simulation 3.1 will be employed to assess the panel's capacity to improve an apartment’s thermal gain, its result will be analyzed to see the panel's overall effectiveness in improving the performance and the ability to maintain the previous view accessibility. It is expected that there will be results from the simulation showing the differences in its condition which will determine the effectivity of bamboo being the solution for improving building performance.

OPTIMIZE NATURAL LIGHTING INSIDE ROOM USING BAMBOO PANEL

Reza Ahmad

Bamboo is unique plantation can be used for construction because it has good strength to hold the load and rigid. The price is cheap and sustainable therefor it is efficient to used it for construction. There are many houses in Yogyakarta who has inappropriate natural lighting, the use of natural lighting can help to reduce the use of energy then need to more familiarize it by using bamboo because it has many advantages. Make a model of bamboo wall panel to maximize natural lighting and using software to simulating the bamboo wall panel to see if the natural lighting illuminates the room already meet the standard based of the room function. The result is 1 of 2 bamboo panel has achieve the goal to optimize natural lighting inside the room

- Comparisonof Environmental Sustainability Simulation Software

Jarwa Prasetya Sih Handoko

Environmental Sustainability Simulation software is an important support used for building designers and researchers to gain sustainability value in buildings. The Environmental sustainability simulation software allow to determinate with accuracy some variable toward the realization of sustainable building. There is several Environmental sustainability simulation software, each of which has advantages. This research uses the literature review method from several reference books and scientific journal papers related to environmental sustainability simulation topics. The present study aims to identify some important things about their simulation capacity and a significant number of variables and to compare them to explore the advantages of each software.

Customers’ motivation factors for visitation to selected ecolodges in Cross River State, Nigeria

Detrimental impacts of the mass vacation industry on the natural habitat are becoming more evident, hence, alternative forms of tourism such as ecolodges are inevitable for eco-friendly tourism options. Factors that motivate tourists have been researched but the non-probabilistic sampling method to quantitatively explore customers’ motivation factors for visitation to OMR and CRNP ecolodges in particular is inadequately addressed. This paper examines customers’ revisit intentions; factors motivating customers’ visits; and measures to improve customers’ motivation. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used to distribute the structured questionnaire to 635 overnight visitors. The data were analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and Chi-Square cross-tabulation tests. The findings reveal some motivational push factors like an increased exploration of new destinations, appreciation of cultural and historical landmarks, and enjoying local life/customs. The pull factors include enjoying good physical amenities, landscape and wildlife conservation, exploring, and learning about nature.

Remanufacturing Sustainability Indicator Scores and Determining Factor of Fashion MSMEs in Adopting Circular Economy

Hiendra Kurniawan

Fashion business is incerasingly concerned on the circular economy implementation. This leads Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to reflect on the economy, environmnetal and social aspects implementation. Three objectives were investigated, i.e., identifying the categories of fashion SMEs that adopt circular economy principles, estimating the Remanufacturing Sustainability Indicator (RSI) value for fashion SMEs that apply circular economy principles, and analyzing the factors that influence fashion MSMEs in applying circular economy principles. The results show that that all types of MSMEs based on their products, and based on PERMEN 11/Per/M.KUKM/XII/2015 have implemented circular economy principles. The RSI values range from 0.045 to 486,050,181 with an average of 48,605,102.81, indicating that the economic, social, and environmental remanufacturing indicators for fashion MSMEs and and the average RSI of respondents is above the Indonesian national standard. The influence factor of Fashion MSMEs to implement circular economy principles only include revenue variable.

BUILDING FAÇADE OPTIMATION IN HIGH RISE BUILDING TO REDUCE SOLAR RADIATION BY USING PARAMETRIC APPROACH

Qurrotul A'yun

Buildings use 40% of global primary energy, therefore their design and use affect climate change.

Building performance analysis can assist architects predict performance before construction with parametric design tools. Radiance can be reduced via a parametric facade, lowering cooling load and energy use.

The study uses theoretical and computational research to explain, forecast, and analyze events, whereas parametric design optimizes complicated geometries using mathematical parameters and algorithms. Environmental analysis in Rhino/Grasshopper with the Ladybug plugin uses Rhinoceros. This plugin provides energy modeling, daylighting, solar radiation, and climate analysis capabilities. To determine the most energy-efficient building design, the research links independent and dependent variables such solar radiation intensity, building orientation, and shading device. The study uses Surabaya weather data and high rise buildings with 40% window-to-wall ratio openings on the smallest side. In addition, the building is oriented from east to west, which reduces the cooling burden on a structure and increases the amount of area that is exposed to shadow. This orientation minimises solar radiation exposure on buildings and allows for more shade to fall on space between buildings. The study examines how form, orientation, and shading devices affect building energy use. West facade absorbs more heat and uses more energy than north facade. Using shading devices reduces energy use and heat absorption. The shading device, placed horizontally above the ventilation, is better for west facade. But the horizontal and vertical shading device, is better for west facade.The study found that a building's mass, orientation, and shading devices affect its solar radiation and energy use. Based on the results from the simulations, it was discovered that altering the shape of the building mass and the shape of the shade openings significantly reduced the amount of solar radiation from 3.80 to 0.18 kWh/m².

A,S "CARBON-NEUTRAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: ENHANCING COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES" A CASE STUDY AND DESIGN FRAMEWORK"

Hassan Gbran

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on carbon-neutral architectural design and its aim to minimize the environmental impact of buildings by effectively utilizing their surroundings. Despite the importance of resilient ventilation systems in achieving energy savings, they are not widely implemented. To address this gap, we conducted a study on the Jin-an Shopping Mall in Harbin, examining various morphological parameters of the atrium, including middle point height (h), middle point horizontal location (d), roof angle (α), and exposure to floor ratio (k). By employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and calculating the mean radiant temperature (MRT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI), we developed a program that automatically switches off air conditioning when resilient ventilation meets the thermal comfort requirements, resulting in energy savings. The energy-saving efficiency (U) was determined by comparing the energy consumption of the original model, and simulation and prediction revealed that U could reach 7.34–9.64%. This research provides valuable methods and a theoretical foundation for refurbishing other commercial complexes, enhancing comfort levels, and effectively managing energy consumption.

A,S Preserving History in a Modern Setting "An Adaptive Redesign of Lawang Sewu for Sustainable Development and Architectural Heritage Conservation"

Hassan Gbran

This study focuses on the adaptive redesign of Lawang Sewu, a prominent landmark in Semarang, Indonesia. The building, constructed in the early 20th century, has witnessed historical events and changes throughout its existence. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in preserving and revitalizing Lawang Sewu as a cultural heritage site. However, the adaptive redesign is not without challenges, including structural instability, environmental degradation, functional obsolescence, aesthetic discordance, and social resistance. This research essay aims to explore the adaptive redesign of Lawang Sewu from various perspectives and propose strategies for achieving energy efficiency and sustainability objectives. The essay is organized into chapters that provide an overview, literature review, case study analysis, discussion of historical and socio-environmental aspects, examination of visual impact, and a conclusion. The study also discusses the concept of authenticity in heritage conservation and presents a design proposal for Lawang Sewu's acoustic enhancement. The results of the case study analysis highlight the complexity of the adaptive redesign project and its cultural context and project site in Semarang.

Building Optimisation Vis-À-Vis Solar Shading for Improved Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Classrooms

Mark Alegbe, Lawrence Chukwuemeka, John Lekwauwa Kalu, Amaka Eke-Nwachukwu — Tue, 19 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Excessive solar radiation negatively affects classroom occupants' performance and thermal comfort, especially in buildings with West and East-facing glazed openings. This study utilises fixed external shading devices and triple-glazed low-emissivity windows to optimise a classroom building in Nigeria. Employing hybrid ventilation mode in EnergyPlus simulations, the optimised model shows a 44% reduction in discomfort hours, a 23% decrease in cooling load, and a 16% drop in energy demand compared to the original design. Comparative analysis of the optimised model with the as-built and West-East oriented classroom reveals a 16% and 10% reduction in energy consumption per conditioned area, along with 56 KWh/m² and 32 KWh/m² savings in cooling demand, respectively. Despite the effectiveness of fixed shading in curbing solar gains, occasional glare persists. This research underscores that shading alone may not fully meet thermal comfort requirements, emphasising the importance of building fabrics, building orientation and climate-sensitive design.